{"id":6975,"date":"2025-10-27T07:11:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T06:11:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/?p=6975"},"modified":"2025-10-27T08:16:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T07:16:00","slug":"la-opcion-de-compra-en-garantia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/la-opcion-de-compra-en-garantia\/","title":{"rendered":"The Purchase Option as Security: A Valid Tool or a Prohibited Trap?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6975\" class=\"elementor elementor-6975\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5520fd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a5520fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49bbb58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49bbb58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction: The Purchase Option as Security \u2014 A Valid Tool or a Prohibited Trap?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1766783 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1766783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba91e67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba91e67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Poppins;\">In times of economic hardship, the need to obtain liquidity quickly may lead individuals to accept financing solutions that, under an appearance of legality, conceal legal transactions with serious consequences.\nOne of the most sophisticated and potentially harmful mechanisms is the use of a <b>purchase option<\/b>\u00a0over a property, not as a preparatory agreement for a future sale, but as an atypical security for a loan that may end with the loss of ownership for a value substantially below market price.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify; tab-stops: 241.0pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Poppins;\">The following will explain how these operations work, what the \u00ab<b>pactum commissorium<\/b>\u00bb usually hidden within them consists of, and what is the position of our courts and of the Directorate-General for Legal Security and Public Faith (Direcci\u00f3n General de Seguridad Jur\u00eddica y Fe P\u00fablica, DGSJFP) on the matter.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-158815e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"158815e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e55a622 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e55a622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Two Key Concepts: Purchase Option vs. Pactum Commissorium<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dddda36 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dddda36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-244a195 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"244a195\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Poppins;\">To understand the issue, we must first differentiate between two legal concepts:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40cde3d elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"40cde3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>The purchase option:<\/strong>This is a contract by which one person (the grantor) gives another (the option holder) the unilateral right to purchase an asset (generally a property) within a certain period and for a price previously agreed upon.\nIn Catalonia, this concept is regulated by Articles 568-8 to 568-12 of the Civil Code of Catalonia.\nCase law has defined it as a pre-contract, leaving in the option holder\u2019s hands the decision to activate the purchase agreement, which is already defined in its essential terms.\nIt is a lawful legal instrument and, in many cases, a useful tool for planning real estate transactions.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>The pactum commissorium:<\/strong> This is an agreement whereby, if a debtor fails to pay his debt, the creditor may directly retain the asset given as collateral, without following the legal enforcement procedures (judicial or notarial auction).\nThis practice is expressly prohibited in Spanish common law under Articles 1859 and 1884 of the Civil Code.\nThe reason for this prohibition is to protect the debtor from abuse, preventing the creditor from appropriating an asset whose value may be far higher than the outstanding debt, thereby resulting in unjust enrichment.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37bf906 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37bf906\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Poppins;\">The problem arises when the purchase option is distorted and used as a means to circumvent the prohibition of the pactum commissorium.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8e24c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b8e24c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56a33d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56a33d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why Are These Operations Abusive? The Modus Operandi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4d0cb2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a4d0cb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-024b2e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"024b2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Poppins;\">The structure of these operations is complex, and although there are many variants, a common pattern is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3926705 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"3926705\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Creation of a unilateral purchase option:<\/strong> The debtor (grantor) signs a contract granting a purchase option over his home in favor of the lender (option holder).\nThe contract sets a high premium that, in reality, is not consideration for the right itself but the capital of a hidden loan.\nIt is also agreed that the option holder may exercise the purchase option unilaterally, without the active cooperation of the grantor at the time of execution, provided that the agreed conditions are met. For this purpose, an irrevocable power of attorney is often granted in the deed in favor of the option holder.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>The hidden loan: <\/strong> The true nature of the operation is recorded in a second deed, in a private contract that remains undisclosed or is inferred implicitly.\nFrequently, \u201cmanagement fees\u201d of disproportionate amounts are added under the pretext of paying off prior encumbrances (mortgages, liens), but they are in fact concealed interest.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Deterrent penalty clause: <\/strong> A clause is often included allowing the debtor to \u201ccancel\u201d the option if he finds another buyer, but only by paying a penalty, again hiding interest, often of a usurious nature.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Consequences for the debtor:<\/strong> <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d19ddb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d19ddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><strong>Scenario 1 (Payment of usurious interest):<\/strong> The debtor manages to sell the property to a third party, but to release the asset he must pay the penalty clause, losing a significant portion of the property\u2019s value in the form of usurious interest.<br \/><br \/><\/li><li><strong>Scenario 2 (Pactum commissorium in action):<\/strong> If the debtor cannot repay the loan or sell the property, the lender exercises the purchase option.\nThe lender acquires ownership for the agreed price, deducting the initial \u201cloan\u201d and the inflated \u201cmanagement fees,\u201d thus acquiring the property for a residual value far below its real market worth.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e35e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e35e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Poppins;\">This operation has nothing to do with an ordinary purchase option agreement; it is in fact a private and abusive enforcement mechanism.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88f4561 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"88f4561\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2cf9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e2cf9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Position of the Courts and the DGSJFP<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3b8de2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c3b8de2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd2824a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd2824a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The legality of these arrangements has been the subject of intense legal debate:<\/p><ul><li>The <strong>High Court of Justice of Catalonia (TSJC)<\/strong>, in rulings such as No. 12\/2019 of February 18 and No. 16\/2019 of February 28, recognizes the validity of purchase options used as security, provided there is complete transparency in the deed and no hidden pactum commissorium.<\/li><li>The <strong>Spanish Supreme Court<\/strong>, for its part, takes a restrictive stance, systematically annulling any agreement that indirectly violates the prohibition of forfeiture, such as in Judgment 77\/2020 of February 4, on the grounds that it breaches a rule of public policy.<\/li><li>The <strong>Directorate-General for Legal Security and Public Faith (DGSJFP)<\/strong>, the top authority regarding Notaries and Registrars, adopts an equally restrictive view, refusing to register purchase options when there are indications that their true purpose is to secure a loan, as they may conceal a prohibited pactum commissorium.\nHowever, this criterion has been softened by recognizing the so-called<strong>\u201cpactum marcianum\u201d <\/strong>, that is, an agreement under which, if the creditor appropriates the asset in payment of the debt, an objective valuation of the asset must necessarily be carried out and any surplus after satisfying the debt must be returned to the debtor \u2014 thereby avoiding unjust enrichment.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02e35e3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"02e35e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6b6fdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f6b6fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Role of the Notary<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feafd61 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"feafd61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0327b21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0327b21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this complex scenario, the Notary\u2019s role must emerge as a fundamental pillar in safeguarding legality and protecting consumers.\nOur function is not merely formal but includes a duty to ensure the legality of the acts and agreements documented in our offices.\nThe Notary has the duty to:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e00943 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"9e00943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-handshake\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M434.7 64h-85.9c-8 0-15.7 3-21.6 8.4l-98.3 90c-.1.1-.2.3-.3.4-16.6 15.6-16.3 40.5-2.1 56 12.7 13.9 39.4 17.6 56.1 2.7.1-.1.3-.1.4-.2l79.9-73.2c6.5-5.9 16.7-5.5 22.6 1 6 6.5 5.5 16.6-1 22.6l-26.1 23.9L504 313.8c2.9 2.4 5.5 5 7.9 7.7V128l-54.6-54.6c-5.9-6-14.1-9.4-22.6-9.4zM544 128.2v223.9c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32h64V128.2h-96zm48 223.9c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16s7.2-16 16-16 16 7.2 16 16-7.2 16-16 16zM0 384h64c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V128.2H0V384zm48-63.9c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16-16-7.2-16-16c0-8.9 7.2-16 16-16zm435.9 18.6L334.6 217.5l-30 27.5c-29.7 27.1-75.2 24.5-101.7-4.4-26.9-29.4-24.8-74.9 4.4-101.7L289.1 64h-83.8c-8.5 0-16.6 3.4-22.6 9.4L128 128v223.9h18.3l90.5 81.9c27.4 22.3 67.7 18.1 90-9.3l.2-.2 17.9 15.5c15.9 13 39.4 10.5 52.3-5.4l31.4-38.6 5.4 4.4c13.7 11.1 33.9 9.1 45-4.7l9.5-11.7c11.2-13.8 9.1-33.9-4.6-45.1z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Inform and advise: <\/strong> Explain to the parties, particularly the more vulnerable one, the scope and legal and economic consequences of the transaction they intend to formalize.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-handshake\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M434.7 64h-85.9c-8 0-15.7 3-21.6 8.4l-98.3 90c-.1.1-.2.3-.3.4-16.6 15.6-16.3 40.5-2.1 56 12.7 13.9 39.4 17.6 56.1 2.7.1-.1.3-.1.4-.2l79.9-73.2c6.5-5.9 16.7-5.5 22.6 1 6 6.5 5.5 16.6-1 22.6l-26.1 23.9L504 313.8c2.9 2.4 5.5 5 7.9 7.7V128l-54.6-54.6c-5.9-6-14.1-9.4-22.6-9.4zM544 128.2v223.9c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32h64V128.2h-96zm48 223.9c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16s7.2-16 16-16 16 7.2 16 16-7.2 16-16 16zM0 384h64c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V128.2H0V384zm48-63.9c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16-16-7.2-16-16c0-8.9 7.2-16 16-16zm435.9 18.6L334.6 217.5l-30 27.5c-29.7 27.1-75.2 24.5-101.7-4.4-26.9-29.4-24.8-74.9 4.4-101.7L289.1 64h-83.8c-8.5 0-16.6 3.4-22.6 9.4L128 128v223.9h18.3l90.5 81.9c27.4 22.3 67.7 18.1 90-9.3l.2-.2 17.9 15.5c15.9 13 39.4 10.5 52.3-5.4l31.4-38.6 5.4 4.4c13.7 11.1 33.9 9.1 45-4.7l9.5-11.7c11.2-13.8 9.1-33.9-4.6-45.1z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Ascertain the parties\u2019 true intent:<\/strong> Ensure that the contract reflects their genuine will and does not conceal a prohibited, simulated, or fraudulent agreement.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-handshake\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M434.7 64h-85.9c-8 0-15.7 3-21.6 8.4l-98.3 90c-.1.1-.2.3-.3.4-16.6 15.6-16.3 40.5-2.1 56 12.7 13.9 39.4 17.6 56.1 2.7.1-.1.3-.1.4-.2l79.9-73.2c6.5-5.9 16.7-5.5 22.6 1 6 6.5 5.5 16.6-1 22.6l-26.1 23.9L504 313.8c2.9 2.4 5.5 5 7.9 7.7V128l-54.6-54.6c-5.9-6-14.1-9.4-22.6-9.4zM544 128.2v223.9c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32h64V128.2h-96zm48 223.9c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16s7.2-16 16-16 16 7.2 16 16-7.2 16-16 16zM0 384h64c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V128.2H0V384zm48-63.9c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16-16-7.2-16-16c0-8.9 7.2-16 16-16zm435.9 18.6L334.6 217.5l-30 27.5c-29.7 27.1-75.2 24.5-101.7-4.4-26.9-29.4-24.8-74.9 4.4-101.7L289.1 64h-83.8c-8.5 0-16.6 3.4-22.6 9.4L128 128v223.9h18.3l90.5 81.9c27.4 22.3 67.7 18.1 90-9.3l.2-.2 17.9 15.5c15.9 13 39.4 10.5 52.3-5.4l31.4-38.6 5.4 4.4c13.7 11.1 33.9 9.1 45-4.7l9.5-11.7c11.2-13.8 9.1-33.9-4.6-45.1z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Refuse authorization:<\/strong> Decline to authorize deeds that include unlawful, fraudulent, or public-policy-violating clauses, such as a concealed pactum commissorium.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae51dfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae51dfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>However, the sophistication and complexity of certain contractual structures can sometimes make fraud detection difficult.\nThe intention to circumvent the pactum commissorium prohibition is often disguised under a fa\u00e7ade of legality that may not be readily apparent \u2014 even to the Notary at the time of execution or to the Land Registrar upon review.\nThe parties may present the operation as a legitimate real estate transaction, concealing the underlying loan relationship.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9efbc39 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9efbc39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34c43bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34c43bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion: Prevention as the Best Protection Tool<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-965d327 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"965d327\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f25d88a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f25d88a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Purchase options used as security represent dangerous ground, especially for individuals and families in economically vulnerable situations or with limited access to traditional financing channels.\nThis figure sits on the delicate line between the free exercise of contractual autonomy and the prohibition on creditors appropriating an asset automatically, without a fair procedure that ensures economic balance between the parties.<\/p><p>The validity of these agreements therefore depends on a case-by-case analysis by the courts, which must determine whether the contractual structure conceals a fraud upon the law, a simulation, or an abuse of rights.\nThe key to distinguishing a lawful agreement from a void one lies in the inclusion of mechanisms that guarantee fairness, such as the so-called pactum marcianum.<\/p><p>For this reason, when dealing with atypical financing structures that involve granting a purchase option over a property as security, it is imperative that all parties act with the utmost caution.\nIn an increasingly complex legal and financial environment, prevention \u2014 through rigorous and specialized legal advice \u2014 stands as the most effective tool for protecting consumer rights and upholding legal certainty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43965a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"43965a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7b68dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7b68dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"6250\" data-end=\"6478\"><strong>If you would like more information or to schedule an appointment without obligation, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/contact-notaria-via-augusta-4\/\">contact us<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e02a4a1 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e02a4a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78cde23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78cde23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6983\" src=\"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-opcion-de-compra-en-garantia-Notaria-Via-Augusta-4-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"La opci\u00f3n de compra en garant\u00eda Notar\u00eda V\u00eda Augusta 4\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" srcset=\"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-opcion-de-compra-en-garantia-Notaria-Via-Augusta-4-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-opcion-de-compra-en-garantia-Notaria-Via-Augusta-4-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-opcion-de-compra-en-garantia-Notaria-Via-Augusta-4-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-opcion-de-compra-en-garantia-Notaria-Via-Augusta-4.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 44px) 100vw, 44px\" \/><\/p><p>The <strong>opci\u00f3n de compra en garant\u00eda<\/strong> es una figura jur\u00eddica utilizada en el \u00e1mbito notarial, civil y mercantil que permite asegurar el cumplimiento de obligaciones mediante la concesi\u00f3n de un derecho de adquisici\u00f3n condicionado. A diferencia de la hipoteca o la prenda, la <strong>opci\u00f3n de compra en garant\u00eda<\/strong> no constituye de forma inmediata un derecho real, sino una facultad pactada entre las partes que solo se materializa cuando el optatario ejerce el derecho dentro del plazo acordado. Este mecanismo se caracteriza por ofrecer una garant\u00eda flexible y eficaz sin contravenir la prohibici\u00f3n del pacto comisorio establecida en el art\u00edculo 1859 del C\u00f3digo Civil.<\/p><p>En la pr\u00e1ctica notarial, la <strong>opci\u00f3n de compra en garant\u00eda<\/strong> se emplea para dotar de seguridad jur\u00eddica a operaciones entre particulares o empresas, protegiendo tanto al acreedor como al deudor. La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo ha reconocido reiteradamente su validez siempre que no implique transmisi\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica de la propiedad y que mantenga la posibilidad de restituci\u00f3n o redenci\u00f3n por parte del deudor. Gracias a su configuraci\u00f3n contractual, este instrumento permite adaptar la garant\u00eda a las necesidades de cada relaci\u00f3n jur\u00eddica, evitando los costes y rigideces propias de una hipoteca tradicional.<\/p><p>Desde un punto de vista fiscal y registral, la <strong>opci\u00f3n de compra en garant\u00eda<\/strong> puede inscribirse en el Registro de la Propiedad para dotarla de publicidad frente a terceros, y su formalizaci\u00f3n en escritura p\u00fablica otorga plenas garant\u00edas jur\u00eddicas. Se trata de una alternativa \u00e1gil, transparente y moderna que refuerza la seguridad del tr\u00e1fico jur\u00eddico y contribuye a la eficiencia de la justicia preventiva.<\/p><p>The <strong>opci\u00f3n de compra en garant\u00eda<\/strong> constituye, en definitiva, una herramienta leg\u00edtima y \u00fatil para el cumplimiento de obligaciones, siempre que se utilice con equilibrio, buena fe y bajo la supervisi\u00f3n de un notario que vele por la legalidad del pacto.<\/p><p data-start=\"1971\" data-end=\"2158\">Si desea m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre c\u00f3mo iniciar un proceso de <strong data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2054\">notarial conciliation<\/strong> o de <strong data-start=\"2060\" data-end=\"2085\">conciliaci\u00f3n familiar<\/strong>, puede contactar con nuestro equipo y le guiaremos en todo el proceso:<\/p><p data-start=\"1971\" data-end=\"2158\">\ud83d\udc49 <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/notar%C3%ADa-v%C3%ADa-augusta-4-mario-romeo-garc%C3%ADa-y-javier-monedero-alcover\/?viewAsMember=true\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2234\" data-end=\"2379\">LinkedIn<\/a><br data-start=\"2379\" data-end=\"2382\" \/>\ud83d\udc49 <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/notariaviaaugusta4\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2385\" data-end=\"2442\">Instagram<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In times of economic hardship, the need to obtain liquidity quickly may lead individuals to accept financing solutions that, under an appearance of legality, conceal legal transactions with serious consequences. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6983,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categoria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6975"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6992,"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6975\/revisions\/6992"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/notariaviaaugusta4.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}